Galvanic isolation

When charge carriers in one circuit cannot connect to another circuit, the two circuits are galvanically isolated because no conductive connection exists. This is effected by transformers, optocouplers, or capacitors. If electrical power or signals are to be exchanged in this configuration, this must take place via magnetic fields, infrared radiation, or a charge transfer mechanism.

A classic example of a galvanic isolation is the mains transformer connected to the public power grid.

Reasons for galvanic isolation

• To provide protection against accidental contact
• To facilitate measurement (electrical isolation)
• To counteract electromagnetic interference